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Article History

Received: 22 April 2024

Accepted: 21 April 2025

First Online: 14 May 2025

Competing interests

: K. Galas has no conflict of interest to declare. The study was funded by the GBG and Philipps-University Marburg, Germany. P. Jank reports research grant and travel costs from Gilead Sciences GmbH (outside of the submitted project). C. Schem declares honoraria from Roche, Lilly, AstraZeneca, MSD Oncology, Exact Sciences and Novartis; operate in a consulting or advisory role for Novartis, AstraZeneca and Roche; reports honoraria for speakers’ bureau from Roche, AstraZeneca and Novartis; CS also reports to receive research funding from Roche (Inst.), Daiichi-Sankyo Europe GmbH (Inst.), AstraZeneca (Inst.), GlaxoSmithKline (Inst.), Novartis (Inst.) and Lilly (Inst.); and to receive travel accommodations and expenses from Pfizer, Roche, AstraZeneca, Novartis and Gilead Sciences. J. Rey and V. Nekljudova declare to be GBG Forschungs GmbH employee. GBG Forschungs GmbH received funding for research grants from AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Daiichi-Sankyo, Gilead, Molecular Health, Novartis, Pfizer and Roche (paid to the institution); other (non-financial/medical writing) from Daiichi-Sankyo, Gilead, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and Seagen (paid to the institution). GBG Forschungs GmbH has licensing fees from VMscope GmbH. In addition, GBG Forschungs GmbH has a patent EP21152186.9 pending, a patent EP19808852.8 pending, and a patent EP14153692.0 pending. C. Denkert reports grants from European Commission H2020, grants from German Cancer Aid Translational Oncology, grants from German Breast Group, during the conduct of the study; personal fees from Novartis, personal fees from Roche, personal fees from MSD Oncology, personal fees from Daiichi-Sankyo, personal fees from AstraZeneca, from Molecular Health, grants from Myriad, personal fees from Merck, other from Sividon diagnostics, outside the submitted work; In addition, Dr. Denkert has a patent VMScope digital pathology software with royalties paid, a patent WO2020109570A1—cancer immunotherapy pending, and a patent WO2015114146A1 and WO2010076322A1—therapy response issued. J. Holtschmidt reports personal fees and non-financial support from Daiichi-Sankyo, non-financial support from Hologic, personal fees from MSD Oncology, Novartis, Palleos Health Care, Pfizer, Roche Pharma and Seagen, outside the submitted work; he also declares to be GBG Forschungs GmbH employee. GBG Forschungs GmbH received funding for research grants from AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Daiichi-Sankyo, Gilead, Molecular Health, Novartis, Pfizer and Roche (paid to the institution); other (non-financial/medical writing) from Daiichi-Sankyo, Gilead, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and Seagen (paid to the institution). GBG Forschungs GmbH has licensing fees from VMscope GmbH. In addition, GBG Forschungs GmbH has a patent EP21152186.9 pending, a patent EP19808852.8 pending, and a patent EP14153692.0 pending. S. Loibl declares to be GBG Forschungs GmbH employee (CEO); The company receives grants from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Celgene, Daiichi-Sankyo, Immunomedics/Gilead, Molecular Health, Novartis, Pfizer and Roche; honoraria for Advisory board from Abbvie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Celgene, DSI, EirGenix, Gilead, GSK, Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Olema, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Relay Therapeutics, Roche, Sanofi and Seagen; honoraria as invented speaker from AstraZeneca, DSI, Gilead, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Seage and Medscape. S. Loibl reports non-financial interest as advisory role in AGO Kommission Mamma, PI Aphinity (principal investigator) as member in AGO, ASCO, DKG, ESMO and other non-financial interest from AstraZeneca, Daiichi-Sankyo, Gilead, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and Seagen. GBG Forschungs GmbH has following/patents pending: EP14153692.0, EP21152186.9, EP19808852.8 and receives licensing fees from VM Scope GmbH.