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Article History

Received: 8 October 2024

Accepted: 21 April 2025

First Online: 10 May 2025

Competing interests

: Authors have no conflicts of interest related to the current analyses. B.T.S. received honoraria as speaker from Lilly outside the submitted work and declares no non-financial competing interests. A.M. reported personal fees from Menarini/ Stemline, Roche, Lilly and AstraZeneca outside the submitted work and is supported by the ESMO José Baselga Fellowship for Clinician Scientists sponsored by AstraZeneca, outside the submitted work and declares no non-financial competing interests. A.E. received honoraria as speaker from Novartis and AstraZeneca outside the submitted work and and declares no non-financial competing interests. S.S. received honoraria as speaker from: Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Lilly, BMS, MSD, outside the submitted work and and declares no non-financial competing interests. A.B. has/had a consultant/advisory role for: Roche-Genentech, MSD, Pfizer, BMS, Amgen, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, Gilead, Eli-Lilly, and Seagen, outside the submitted work and declares no non-financial competing interests. E.M. had consulting or advisory role for: Exact Sciences, MSD Oncology, Daiichi Sankyo/Astra Zeneca, Pfizer, Seagen, Ipsen, and received travel accommodation, registration for international congresses from: Roche, Pfizer, Lilly, Novartis, Gilead Sciences, AstraZeneca, Pierre Fabre, outside the submitted work and declares no non-financial competing interests. N.F. has received honoraria for consulting, advisory roles, speaker bureau, travel, and/or research grants from Merck Sharp & Dohme (MSD), Merck, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Roche, Menarini, Daiichi Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK), Gilead, Adicet Bio, Sermonix, Reply, Veracyte Inc., Leica Biosystems, and Lilly, outside the submitted work and declares no non-financial competing interests. G.C. reports financial interests with AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Exact Sciences, Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Veracyte, Ellipsis, Astellas, Blueprint Medicine, BMS, Merck, Novartis, Menarini, Relay Therapeutics, Sanofi; and non-financial interests with the Italian National Health Council as Advisor for Ministry of Health, ESMO as Clinical Practice Guidelines Chair, Europa Donna as Member of the Scientific Council, EUSOMA as member of the Advisory Council, Fondazione Beretta. All the competing interests were outside the submitted work outside the submitted work and he declares no non-financial competing interests. C.C. had consultancy/advisory role/speaker bureau for: Pfizer, Roche, MSD, Novartis, Lilly, Seagen, Gilead Daiichi-Sankyo, outside the submitted work and declares no non-financial competing interestsoutside. All other authors declare no financial or non-financial competing interests.