Document is current

Article History

Received: 12 April 2025

Accepted: 17 September 2025

First Online: 13 November 2025

Competing interests

: A.T.: Stock and Other Ownership Interests: Johnson & Johnson, Gilead Sciences, Bristol Myers Squibb, PfizerConsulting or Advisory Role: AstraZeneca, Delphi Diagnostics Research Funding, RTI International, Accord BioPharma: Sanofi (Inst), Merck (Inst) Patents, Royalties, Other Intellectual Property: Up-to-Date Royalties. E.L.M.: Consulting or Advisory Role: Genentech, Lilly, Novartis, AstraZeenca. S.O.: Honoraria: Novartis, AstraZeneca Consulting or Advisory Role: AstraZeneca Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Novartis, Daichi Sankyo. N.H.: Stock and Other Ownership Interests: West German Study Group Honoraria: Roche, Novartis, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Pierre Fabre, Daiichi-Sankyo, MSD, Seagen, Lilly, Viatris, Sanofi, Zuelligpharma, Gilead Sciences Consulting or Advisory Role: West German Study Group, Seagen, Gilead Sciences, Roche/Genentech Speakers’ Bureau: Medscape, Springer Healthcare, EPG Communication Research Funding: Roche/Genentech (Inst), Lilly (Inst), MSD (Inst), AstraZeneca (Inst). G.C.: has received research grants from Merck; has received honoraria from Ellipses Pharma; has received support for attending meetings and/or travel from Daiichi Sankyo; has a leadership role for the ESMO, the European Society of Breast Cancer Specialists and ESMO Open; is a speakers’ bureau member for Roche/Genentech, Novartis, Pfizer, Lilly, Foundation Medicine, Daiichi Sankyo, Seagen, Menarini, Gilead Sciences, AstraZeneca and Exact Sciences; and has held consulting or advisory roles for Roche/Genentech, Pfizer, Novartis, Lilly, Foundation Medicine, Bristol Myers Squibb, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Boehringer Ingelheim, GlaxoSmithKline, Seagen, Guardant Health, Veracyte, Celcuity, Menarini, Merck, Exact Sciences, Blueprint Medicines and Gilead Sciences. N.C.: Consulting or Advisory: Novartis, Daichi Research Funding: Merck (Inst.). M.I.: Consulting or Advisory Role: Seagen, Rejuveron Senescence Therapeutics, Menarini Group, Gilead Sciences, Daichi, Novartis Research Funding: Roche/Genentech (Inst), Pfizer (Inst), Natera (Inst), Inivata (Inst) Patents, Royalties, Other Intellectual Property: Patent entitled method for determining sensitivity to a CDK4/6 inh filed the 18 05 16 by Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Application No/Patent No 16170146.1-1403 Travel, Accommodations, Expenses: Roche (Inst), Gilead Sciences (Inst), AstraZeneca (Inst), Novartis. K.K.: Employment: EQRxStock and Other Ownership Interests: EQRxConsulting or Advisory Role: Lilly, Novartis, AstraZeneca, Genentech/Roche, Merck, Daiichi Sankyo/Astra Zeneca, Mersana, Menarini Silicon Biosystems, Myovant Sciences, Takeda, Prelude Therapeutics, RayzeBio, eFFECTOR Therapeutics, Cullinan Oncology, Gilead Sciences, Relay Therapeutics, Regor, Puma Biotechnology, Mersana, Pfizer, Bio Theranostics Research Funding: Novartis (Inst), Genentech/Roche (Inst), Lilly (Inst), Seagen (Inst), AstraZeneca (Inst), Daichi Sankyo (Inst), Ascentage Pharma (Inst). The other authors declare no competing interests.