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Article History

Received: 9 June 2025

Accepted: 18 January 2026

First Online: 28 January 2026

Competing interests

: I.G. received research grants from the Donaghue Foundation, NIH, Pfizer and PRIME Education, LLC outside the submitted work. X.H. received research support from the NIH, Donaghue Foundation, PhRMA Foundation, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, and Pfizer outside the submitted work. J.N.A. received research grants from the NIH and Gilead outside the submitted work. R.A.K. and Waters received research support from the NIH outside the submitted work. G.V. reported receiving personal fees from Roche/Genentech, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, and AstraZeneca, and research funding from Roche/Genentech, Puma, Celcuity, Merck, BMS, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, Gilead, GSK, Natera, Pfizer, Eisai, and ownership of Veris Health, all outside the submitted work. L.S.S. reported receiving personal fees from Pfizer, Helsinn, AstraZeneca, Genentech, Myriad, Napo, Eli Lilly, Coherus Biosciences, Foundation Medicine, Novartis, Daiichi Sankyo, Merck, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi, Mirati Therapeutics, and research support from Amgen and Pfizer outside the submitted work. No other disclosures were reported.