Document is current

Article History

Received: 5 December 2024

Accepted: 23 January 2026

First Online: 7 February 2026

Competing interests

: N. Ueno reports consulting roles with the following companies: AstraZeneca plc, Bayer AG, Pfizer Inc., Gilead Sciences, Inc., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., CytoDyn Inc., Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., DynaMed, LLC, Eisai Co., Ltd., KeChow Pharma, Inc., Lavender Health Ltd., OBI Pharma Inc., OncoCyte Co., Ourotech, Inc., DBA Pear Bio, Kirilys Therapeutics, Inc., Peptilogics, Inc., Phoenix Molecular Designs, Preferred Medicine, Inc., Puma Biotechnology, Inc., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Inc., Sysmex Co. Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., Unitech Medical, Inc., CARNA Biosciences, Inc., ChemDiv, Inc., DualityBio, LARVOL, Oncolys BioPharma Inc., Rakuten Medical, Inc., Merck Co., AnHeart Therapeutics Inc., Carisma Therapeutics, Inc., Lilly, Inc. and Therimunex. He also reports speaker or preceptorship roles are held with the following companies: Bristol-Myers Squibb, CareNet Inc., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Genomic Health, Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Inc., and Medscape. He additionally reports research agreements with the following companies: AnHeart Therapeutics Inc., Eisai Co., Ltd., Gilead Sciences, Inc., Phoenix Molecular Designs, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc., Puma Biotechnology, Inc., Merck Co., Oncolys BioPharma Inc., OBI Pharma Inc., ChemDiv, Inc., Tolero Pharmaceuticals, Inc., and VITRAC Therapeutics, LLC. outside the submitted work. C. Thomas reports grants from NIH during the conduct of the study. The other authors do not have a competing interest.