Document is current

Article History

Received: 15 September 2025

Accepted: 30 January 2026

First Online: 10 February 2026

Competing interests

: Potential conflicts of interest are the following: M.K. reports advisory board for Novartis; speaker’s honoraria from Novartis, Roche, MSD, Pfizer, Lilly, Teva, Amgen, Swixx Biopharma, Gilead, and AstraZeneca; clinical trials for Roche, MSD, Novartis, Seagen, and Gilead; conference fees for Pfizer, Roche, Novartis, Teva, Amgen, Gilead, MSD, Swixx Biopharma, and AstraZeneca; all outside the submitted work. M.J. reports conference fees for Gilead, Roche; clinical trials for Roche, MSD, Novartis, Seagen, and Gilead; speaker’s honoraria from Novartis, Roche, Lilly, Pfizer, Teva, Exact Sciences, Mammotome, and Gilead; advisory boards for Novartis and Pfizer; all outside the submitted work. A.P. reports advisory and consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Roche, Pfizer, Novartis, Daiichi Sankyo, Ona Therapeutics, and Peptomyc, lecture fees from AstraZeneca, Roche, Novartis, and Daiichi Sankyo, institutional financial interests from AstraZeneca, Novartis, Roche, and Daiichi Sankyo; stockholder and employee of Reveal Genomics; patents filed PCT/EP2016/080056, PCT/EP2022/086493, PCT/EP2023/060810, PCT/EP2024/068197 and EP23383369; editor of NPJ Breast Cancer journal. F.B-M. reports part-time employment from Reveal Genomics and has patents filed: PCT/EP2022/086493, PCT/EP2023/060810,PCT/EP2024/068197, and EP23383369B. MBS declares Advisor o consulting fees from Pfizer, Novartis, Lilly and Astra Zeneca and travel expenses from Pfizer, Lilly, Novartis, Astra Zeneca and Gilead. R.S.-B. reports advisory/consulting/speaker fees from Roche, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Lilly, Daiichi Sankyo, Pfizer, Eisai, GlaxoSmithKline, Reveal Genomics, and Gilead; travel expenses from Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Gilead, Novartis, and Roche. E.S. reports Advisory Board and speaker honoraria of Sysmex and Astra Zenica; and consultant of Reveal Genomics INC. A.L. reports conference fees: Accord, Novartis, clinical studies: Roche, MSD, Novartis; speaker’s honorarium: Novartis; all outside the submitted work.