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Article History

Received: 4 January 2026

Accepted: 29 March 2026

First Online: 14 April 2026

Competing interests

: Marion T. van Mackelenbergh reports personal fees, honoraria or travel grants from Amgen, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Genomic Health, GSK, Lilly, Molecular Health, MSD, Mylan, Novartis, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Roche, Seagen. Karsten Weber and Valentina Nekljudova report to be GBG Forschungs GmbH, employees. GBG Forschungs GmbH received funding for research grants from Abbvie, AstraZeneca, Celgene, Novartis, Pfizer, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, MolecularHealth, Menarini Group, Greenwich LifeSciences (paid to the institution); Honoraria for Consulting or Advisory Role from Pfizer, Roche, Novartis, Seattle Genetics, Lilly, AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Abbvie, Amgen, Diiachi Sankyo, GlaxoSmithKline, Eisai Europe, Relay Therapeutics, Sanofi, Olema Pharmaceuticals, Menarini Group, MSD Oncology, BeiGene, Bicycle Therapeutics, BMS, Jazz Pharmaceuticals (paid to the institution); honoraria as invited speaker from AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Gilead Sciences, Seattle Genetics, Menarini Group, Agendia, Bayer, Medscape, MSD, Stemline Therapeutics, Streamedup! (paid to institution). GBG Forschungs GmbH has the following royalties/patents: EP14153692.0, EP21152186.9, EP15702464.7, EP19808852.8 and VM Scope GmbH. Michael Untch reports personal fees for lectures and/or consultancy from Abbvie, Amgen, AstraZeneca; Daiichi Sankyo, Lilly, MSD Merck, EurBio Scientific, Myriad Genetics, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, Pfizer, Gilead, Roche; Sanofi Aventis, Seagen, Menarini Stemline; BeOne, Sandoz Hexal. Andreas Schneeweiss reports Research Grant from Celgene, Roche, AbbVie. Personal Fees (Travel expenses): Celgene, Roche, Pfizer, AstraZeneca. Personal Fees (Honoraria): Roche, Celgene, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Novartis, MSD, Tesaro, Lilly, Seagen, Gilead, GSK, Bayer, Amgen, Pierre Fabre.Paul Jank reports grants and travel expenses from Gilead Sciences GmbH. Jens Blohmer reports Honoraria for lectures, presentations, speakers bureaus, manuscript writing or educational events: Payment for presentations at satellite symposia: AstraZeneca, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Gilead, MSD, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Seagen. Support for attending meetings and/or travel: AstraZeneca, Daiichi-Sankyo, Gilead, Pfizer, Roche. Participation on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board: AstraZeneca, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Gilead, MSD, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Seagen. Claus Hanusch reports advisory role and speakers bureau for AstraZeneca, Roche, Novartis and Aristo Pharma. Theresa Link reports receiving honoraria for lectures or presentations from Amgen, Roche, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Lilly, GSK, Gilead, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Stemline, Seagen; is on advisory board/plays an advisory role for MSD, Roche, Pfizer, Lilly, Myriad, Esai, GSK, Gilead, Daiichi Sankyo, Roche, Astra Zeneca; and has received support for attending meetings and/or travel from Pfizer, Astra Zeneca, Gilead, Daiichi Sankyo, Stemline. Vesna Bjelic-Radisic reports honoraria for lectures: Amgen, Roche, Astra Zeneca, Novartis, Pfizer, Comessa, Lilly, Gilead, Mentor, pfm, Mammotome, AB: Roche, Astra Zeneca, Novartis, Pfizer, Lilly; clinical trials: Roche, Astra Zeneca, Novartis, Pfizer, Lilly, pfm; research support: Roche, Astra Zeneca, Ratiopharm. Jens Huober received honoraria from Lilly, Novartis, Roche, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Gilead, Daiichi, Stemline, MSD, and Abbvie, reports consulting or advisory relationships with Lilly, Novartis, Roche, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Gilead, Daiichi, Abbvie, and received travel expenses from Roche, Daiichi, Gilead, Astra Zeneca. Peter A. Fasching: Advisory Board, Invited Speaker (Personal Fees): Novartis, Daiichi-Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Eisai, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Lilly, SeaGen, RocheGilead, Mylan. Advisory Board, Invited Speaker, Research Grant (Grant, Personal Fees): Pfizer. Institutional Funding (Grant): Biontech, Cepheid. Advisory Board (Personal fees): Pierre Fabre, Agendia, Sanofi Aventis, Menarini, Medac. Invited Speaker (Personal Fees): GuardantHealth. personal fees: Veracyte. Mattea Reinisch reports honoraria and/or consultancy fee from AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, OnkowissenTV, Seagen, Streamed Up and Somatex. M. Reinisch also reports travel support from AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Gilead, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche. Carsten Denkert reports other support from MSD Oncology, personal fees from Daiichi Sankyo and AstraZeneca, and grants from Myriad Genetics and German Breast Group outside the submitted work; C. Denkert also reports a patent for VMscope digital pathology software with royalties paid, a patent for WO2020109570A1 issued, a patent for WO2015114146A1 issued, and a patent for WO2010076322A1 issued. Sibylle Loibl declares to be GBG Forschungs GmbH employee (CEO); The institution receives grants from AbbVie, AstraZeneca, Celgene, Daiichi-Sankyo, Immunomedics/Gilead, Molecular Health, Novartis, Pfizer and Roche; honoraria for Advisory board from Abbvie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Celgene, DSI, EirGenix, Gilead, GSK, Lilly, Merck, Novartis, Olema, Pfizer, Pierre Fabre, Relay Therapeutics, Roche, Sanofi and Seagen; honoraria as invited speaker from AstraZeneca, DSI, Gilead, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Seage and Medscape. S. Loibl reports non-financial interest as advisory role in AGO Kommission Mamma, other non-financial interest from AstraZeneca, Daiichi-Sankyo, Gilead, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and Seagen. GBG Forschungs GmbH has following /patents pending: EP14153692.0, EP21152186.9, EP19808852.8 and receives licensing fees from VM Scope GmbH.