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Article History

Received: 8 September 2025

Accepted: 28 April 2026

First Online: 14 May 2026

Competing interests

: I.S.: Reports consulting for AstraZeneca (consulting), Novartis (consulting). G.T.: Nothing to disclose. K.A.: Reports employment by, is a founder of, and holds stock or options in Case45. H.Y.: Reports employment by and holds stock or options in Case45. T.F.: Nothing to disclose. S.M.: Nothing to disclose. B.H.: Nothing to disclose. P.R.: Nothing to disclose. I.H.: Reports employment by and holds stock or options in Case45. N.W.: Research Funding to institution (NSABP Foundation): Company: Breast Cancer Research Foundation; Recipient. R.S.: Non-financial support from Merck, Case45, and Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS); research support from Merck, Puma Biotechnology, and Roche; personal fees from Roche, BMS, AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, and Exact Sciences for advisory boards. S.S.: Reports consulting for Genentech/Roche, Daiichi Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Aventis Pharma, Jaguar Health, Merck, a leadership role at Seagen (dc’d 12/23) and Immunome, receiving travel support from Daiichi Sankyo, Aventis Pharma, Genentech/Roche, Seagen, Immunome, and Chugai/Roche, stock or options in Seagen (Dc’d 12/23) and Immunome, receiving honoraria from Chugai/Roche, and other relationships with AstraZeneca, and Genentech/Roche.