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Article History

Received: 11 February 2025

Accepted: 29 April 2026

First Online: 11 May 2026

Competing interests

: M.K. declares advisory board for Novartis; speaker’s honoraria from Novartis, Roche, MSD, Pfizer, Lilly, Teva, Amgen, Swixx Biopharma, Gilead, and AstraZeneca; clinical trials for Roche, MSD, Novartis, Seagen, and Gilead; conference fees for Pfizer, Roche, Novartis, Teva, Amgen, Gilead, MSD, Swixx Biopharma, and AstraZeneca; all outside the submitted work. A.P.-G. declares conference fees for Pfizer, Novartis, Gilead, AstraZeneca, Seagen, MSD; clinical trials for Roche, MSD, Novartis, Seagen, Gilead; speaker’s honorarium: Pfizer, Novartis, Gilead; AstraZeneca, Lilly, MSD; all outside the submitted work. KS declares conferences fees: Novartis, clinical studies: Roche, MSD, Novartis; speaker’s honorarium: Novartis; all outside the submitted work. D.H.-J. declares speaker’s honoraria from Ipsen, Novartis, Sanofi; consultant for Novartis; travel grants from Ipsen, Novartis, Sanofi; all outside the submitted work. M.J. declares conference fees for Gilead, Roche; clinical trials for Roche, MSD, Novartis, Seagen, and Gilead; speaker’s honoraria from Novartis, Roche, Lilly, Pfizer, Teva, Exact Sciences, Mammotome, and Gilead; advisory boards for Novartis and Pfizer; all outside the submitted work. The other authors declare no competing financial or non-financial interests.