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Article History

Received: 30 October 2025

Accepted: 5 May 2026

First Online: 15 May 2026

Competing interests

: C.M. has received personal consultancy fees from Menarini, Roche, and Illumina, and speaker fees from Daiichi Sankyo and Veracyte, outside the submitted work. F.R. reports honoraria and participation in advisory boards/consultation for AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Menarini Stemline, Novartis, Pfizer, MSD, Merck, Amgen, Janssen, Bristol Myers Squibb (BMS), Astellas, AbbVie, BeiGene, SOPHiA GENETICS, Agilent, and Roche; and research funding from Pfizer, Astellas, Menarini Stemline, and AstraZeneca. E.R.C. reports honoraria from AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, Guardant, Menarini Stemline, Novartis, Pfizer, and Roche; participation in advisory boards/consultation for AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, NanoString, Pfizer, and Roche; conference fees/travel/accommodation from Roche and Novartis; an educational grant from Daiichi Sankyo; and research support from SECA. B.B. reports honoraria and participation in advisory boards/consultation for AstraZeneca, Incyte, Menarini Stemline, Novartis, MSD, Merck, Amgen, Johnson & Johnson, BMS, Pfizer, Thermo Fisher, and Roche; and research funding from Roche, Thermo Fisher, and AstraZeneca. C.F. has received honoraria and/or fees from Pfizer, Roche, Eisai, AstraZeneca, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Gilead, and Veracyte. F.S. declares no competing interests. C.M. and F.S. are Associate Editors of npj Breast Cancer. C.M. and F.S. were not involved in the journal’s review of, or decisions related to, this manuscript.