Xie, Chendi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8938-2276
Smith, Adam D. https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8569-560X
Yan, Haoran
Chen, Wei-Chih https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7618-5377
Wang, Yao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1736-0187
Funding for this research was provided by:
United States Department of Defense | United States Air Force | AFMC | Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-23-1-01, FA9550-23-1-01, FA9550-23-1-01)
NSF | Directorate for Mathematical & Physical Sciences | Division of Materials Research (DMR-2132338, DMR-2142801, DMR-2132338)
National Science Foundation (OIA-2148653)
Article History
Received: 13 September 2024
Accepted: 14 June 2025
First Online: 14 July 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.