Wen, Mingjie
Han, Jiahe
Li, Wenjuan
Chang, Xiaoya
Chu, Qingzhao
Chen, Dongping
Funding for this research was provided by:
the State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection (QNKT23-15)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52106130)
Article History
Received: 22 April 2025
Accepted: 22 September 2025
First Online: 17 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.