Wu, Longlong
Yang, David
Wang, Wei
Yoo, Shinjae
Harder, Ross J.
Cha, Wonsuk
Li, Aiguo
Robinson, Ian K.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0012704)
Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0012704)
Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0012704)
Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0012704)
Basic Energy Sciences (DE-SC0012704)
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DE-AC02-06CH11357)
Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences (DE-AC02-06CH11357)
U.S. National Science Foundation (DMR-9724294)
U.S. National Science Foundation (DMR-9724294)
Article History
Received: 11 July 2025
Accepted: 1 November 2025
First Online: 14 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.