Li, Jiaxiang
Feng, Junwei
Luo, Jie
Jiang, Bowen
Zheng, Xiangyu
Song, Qigang
Lv, Jian
Butler, Keith
Liu, Hanyu
Xie, Congwei
Xie, Yu
Ma, Yanming
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB0880000)
National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFB3003001)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12374008)
Interdisciplinary Integration and Innovation Project of JLU
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
Program for Jilin University Science and Technology Innovative Research Team
Article History
Received: 9 October 2025
Accepted: 15 January 2026
First Online: 26 January 2026
Competing interests
: Keith Butler is a Deputy Editor of npj Computational Materials. Keith Butler was not involved in the journal’s review of, or decisions related to, this manuscript. All other authors declare no competing interests.