Luo, Yuhao
Wang, Tianyi
Huang, Zhihao
Su, Yanqing
Xu, Shuozhi
Liaw, Peter K.
Li, Xiang-Guo
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation (DMREF-2522655)
National Science Foundation (DMR-1611180, 1809640, and 2226508)
Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AF AFOSR-FA9550-23-1-0503)
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2025A1515011961)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central University, Sun Yat-Sen University (24qnpy322)
Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (Grant No. JCYJ20241202130018024)
Article History
Received: 19 October 2025
Accepted: 6 February 2026
First Online: 19 February 2026
Competing interests
: Xiang-Guo Li is a guest editor of the npj Computational Materials special collection “Machine Learning Interatomic Potentials in Computational Materials”. He was not involved in the journal’s review of or decisions related to this manuscript. The other authors declare that they have no financial or non‑financial competing interests.