Yan, Kun
Hu, Yizhi
Xiao, Wei-Hua
Zou, Xiaolong
Chen, Xiaobin
Duan, Wenhui
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of China (12574256)
Natural Science Foundation of China (12447144)
Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (RCYX20221008092848063, JCYJ20241202123733043, JCYJ20241202123506009)
Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (ZDSYS20230626091100001)
Shenzhen Basic Research Projects (JCYJ20241202123916023)
Article History
Received: 20 November 2025
Accepted: 2 April 2026
First Online: 20 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing financial or non-financial interests. A pending Chinese patent application (Application No. 2026100488624) is relevant to this work. Applicant: Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen; Inventors: K.Y., X.C.; Status: Pending (preliminary examination passed). The patent covers the structure and materials described in Figs. 4b and 5a. W.D. is an editorial board member of npj Computational Materials. W.D. was not involved in the journal’s review of, or decisions related to, this manuscript. The other authors do not have a competing interest.