Amouzegar, Afsaneh
Wu, Xiaogang
Long, James P.
Chen, Gabriela W.
Wong, Justin W.
Prabhakaran, Sabitha
Little, Latasha
Gumbs, Curtis
Bota, Neus
Malke, Jared
Simon, Julie
Zhang, Jianhua
Nagarajan, Priyadharsini
Davies, Michael A.
Tawbi, Hussein
Amaria, Rodabe N.
Oliva, Isabella C. Glitza
Ikeguchi, Alexandra P.
Su, Shirley
Hanna, Ehab Y.
Weiser, Roi
Bednarski, Brian
Sims, Travis T.
Mitra, Devarati
Wargo, Jennifer
Gershenwald, Jeffrey E.
Scheet, Paul
Yu, Yao
Huff, Chad
Nelson, Kelly C.
McQuade, Jennifer L.
Futreal, P. Andrew
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Cancer Institute (CCSG P30CA016672-46)
National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI P50CA221703, NIH/NCI P30CA016672)
National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI P50CA221703, NIH/NCI P30CA016672)
National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI P50CA221703, NIH/NCI P30CA016672)
National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI P50CA221703, NIH/NCI P30CA016672)
National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI P50CA221703, NIH/NCI P30CA016672)
National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI P50CA221703, NIH/NCI P30CA016672)
National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI P50CA221703, NIH/NCI P30CA016672)
National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI P50CA221703, NIH/NCI P30CA016672)
National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI P50CA221703, NIH/NCI P30CA016672)
National Cancer Institute (NIH/NCI P50CA221703, NIH/NCI P30CA016672)
National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the NIH (CCTS UM1TR004906)
Melanoma Research Foundation
AIM at Melanoma
MD Anderson Melanoma Moon Shots Program
MD Anderson Patient Mosaic Program
Melanoma Research Alliance
American Cancer Society
Andrew M. McDougall Brain Metastasis Clinic and Research Program
Cancer Fighters of Houston
US Department of Defence (W81XWH2210975)
US Department of Defence (W81XWH2210975)
Article History
Received: 12 September 2025
Accepted: 15 May 2026
First Online: 23 May 2026
Competing interests
: Authors A.A., X.W., J.P.L., G.W.C., J.W.W., S.P., L.L., C.G., N.B., J.M., J.S., J.Z., P.N., Y.Y., C.H., H.T., R.N.A., I.C.G., A.P.I., S.S., E.Y.H., R.W., B.B., T.T.S., D.M., J.W., J.E.G., P.S., and K.C.N. declare no financial or non-financial competing interests. Author M.A.D. has been a consultant to Replimmune, Nurix, Roche/Genentech, Array, Pfizer, Novartis, BMS, GSK, Sanofi-Aventis, Vaccinex, Apexigen, Eisai, Iovance, Merck, and ABM Therapeutics. M.A.D. is also a scientific advisory board member for THERAtRAME, and he has been the PI of research grants to MD Anderson by Roche/Genentech, GSK, Sanofi-Aventis, Merck, Myriad, Oncothyreon, Pfizer, ABM Therapeutics, and LEAD Pharma. Author J.L.M. has received honoraria from BMS, Merck and Replimmune. Author A.F. is a scientific advisory board member for Scorpion Therapeutics.