Wang, Weiguang
Xu, Guangyuan
Huang, Kai
Ren, Chuantian
Wu, Yufeng
Zhou, Yiqian
Cheng, Zekun
Zhang, Shuling
Li, Hongwei
Yang, Chen
Yang, Lu
Xu, Shibiao
Liu, Yong
Lei, Ming
Wu, Hui
Funding for this research was provided by:
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Excellent Ph.D. Students Foundation (CX20241089)
Youth Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12102224)
General Program of Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (7242271)
Start-up Funding of Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications (500422817)
Basic Science Center Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52388201)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52325312)
State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing Tsinghua University (KFZD202305)
Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission, Administrative Commission of Zhongguancun Science Park (Z231100006023020)
Article History
Received: 12 April 2025
Accepted: 7 October 2025
First Online: 1 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.