Alhais Lopes, Pedro
Calisto Freitas, Marta
F. Silva, André
Vilarinho, João
Morgado, Miguel
Tavakoli, Mahmoud
Funding for this research was provided by:
Carnegie Mellon Portugal (PRT/BD/154918/2022)
European Research Council (101045072)
Article History
Received: 13 November 2025
Accepted: 4 May 2026
First Online: 14 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing financial or non-financial interests. Pending patent application “Suspension, colloid or network comprising liquid metal droplets bound with graphene-based particles, respective ink, transparent stretchable conductor and obtention process thereof” (US application no. 18/860,738, filed 26 April 2023) is co–invented by the undersigned and co–inventors Mahmoud Tavakoli, Pedro Filipe Alhais Lopes, Alexandre Chambel, Marta Sofia Calisto Freitas, and Afsaneh Lalsanati, and is filed by Universidade de Coimbra. This patent application is currently pending and covers the composition of the liquid metal/graphene-based conductive suspensions and inks, as well as the processes used to fabricate the transparent, stretchable conductors that are employed in the devices reported in this manuscript. Author M.T. is a Guest Editor of npj flexible electronics collection Liquid Metals-Based Devices for Flexible Electronics . M.T. was not involved in the journal’s review of, or decisions related to, this manuscript.