Byrd, Natalie
Singh, Ananya
Bassil, Naji M.
Small, Joe S.
Taylor, Frank
Boothman, Christopher
Engelberg, Dirk L.
Mahmood, Sultan
Lowe, Tristan
Lloyd, Jonathan R.
Morris, Katherine
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Environment Research Council (NE/R009732/1, NE/R009732/1, NE/R009732/1)
Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/Y008456/1, BB/Y008456/1, BB/Y008456/1)
Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/T011300/1, EP/T011300/1)
Article History
Received: 23 May 2025
Accepted: 25 September 2025
First Online: 20 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare that this study received funding from Nuclear Waste Services (formerly the ‘Low Level Waste Repository Ltd’). The funder (author F.T.) had the following involvement with the study: support and contextualization for experimental design, manuscript review, provision of raw material resources. The funder was not involved in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, or, the decision to submit it for publication. F.T. is employed by company Nuclear Waste Services (formerly Low Level Waste Repository Ltd.) NMB is now employed by Nuclear Waste Services, but was employed by The University of Manchester for the duration of this manuscripts production.