Ghorbani, Marzie
Laleh, Majid
Gharbi, Oumaima
Charpagne, Marie A.
Fraser, Hamish L.
Gupta, Rajeev K.
Taheri, Mitra L.
Birbilis, Nick
Funding for this research was provided by:
Office of Naval Research (ONR: N00014-17-1-2807)
Article History
Received: 19 June 2025
Accepted: 1 November 2025
First Online: 21 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare that there are no competing or conflicts of interests. Professor Nick Birbilis is Editor-in-Chief of npj Materials Degradation but was not involved in the review or editorial decision process for this manuscript. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.