Mohammed, Naba Jasim
Yusop, Muhammad Rahimi
Othman, Norinsan Kamil
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia ((FRGS/1/2024/STG05/UKM/01/2).)
Article History
Received: 15 September 2025
Accepted: 9 December 2025
First Online: 28 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.