Xu, Zixuan
Zhang, Tiansui
He, Ying
Wu, Haotian
Wu, Jun
Zhou, Xuejie
Wang, Junqiang
Wang, Haitao
He, Renyang
Liu, Hongfang
Funding for this research was provided by:
Open Fund for the National Innovation Center for Market Supervision (Safety of Oil and Gas Pipelines and Storage Equipment) of the China Special Equipment Inspection & Research Institute (CXZX-YQGDYCCSBAQ-2024-001)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52401092)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52171069)
Article History
Received: 9 July 2025
Accepted: 30 December 2025
First Online: 26 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.