Gao, Pei-Hu
Liu, Jie
Chen, Bai-Yang
Xie, Rui-Guang
Naumov, Anton
Soka, Josephine Joseph
Li, Qi-Bao
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (51771140)
Foreign Experts Program of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People's Republic of China (H20240023)
Foreign Experts Program of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security of the People's Republic of China (H20240023)
The Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities (Metal Corrosion Protection and Surface Engineering Technology, Research and application of key component materials for engines)
Key Research and Development Project of Xianyang City (L2024-ZDYF-ZDYF-GY-0039)
Key Research and Development Projects of Shaanxi Province (2025CY-JJQ-120)
Article History
Received: 12 August 2025
Accepted: 10 February 2026
First Online: 23 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.