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Authors
Wang, Panjun
Geng, Yiyao
Li, Hengkun
Zhao, Zhiwei
Cheng, Xuequn
Ma, Lingwei
Zhao, Xiaomiao
Hu, Qiujun
Wang, Shun
Du, Shuxuan
Chen, Linheng
Zhang, Dawei
Li, Xiaogang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Henan (252300421537)
Top notch Talent Cultivation Project of Henan University of Technology's Innovative Talent Cultivation Program
Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (252300420890)
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Article History
Received: 4 January 2026
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 12 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare that they have no known financial competing interests. Xiaogang Li serves as an Editor of npj materials degradation but had no involvement in the peer review or decision-making process for this manuscript. Lingwei Ma serves as an Editorial Board Member of npj materials degradation and had no role in the peer review or decision to publish this manuscript. Dawei Zhang serves as an Associate Editor of npj materials degradation and had no involvement in the peer review or decision-making process for this manuscript. The remaining authors declare no competing financial or non-financial interests.
