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Article History

Received: 24 December 2020

Accepted: 12 August 2021

First Online: 6 September 2021

Competing interests

: MLL reveived reimbursement of traveling expenses to scientific meeting by Medtronic and Teva Pharmaceutical Industries. JPM received royalties from Merz Pharma Germany and Ipsen Pharma Germany. ID received a research grant from Boston Scientific,as well as reimbursement of traveling from Zambon and Boston scientific, all support outside the submitted work. NA and MB are employees of Aleva Neurotherapeutics. AD is an employee and stockholder of Aleva Neurotherapeutics, and holds patents assigned to Aleva Neurotherapeutics in the field of neuromodulation. AN received travel grants from Boston scientific. He received a research grant from the Swiss Parkinson Foundation CP is co-founder of Aleva Neurotherapeutics and received consultancy fees from Boston Scientific. GD has served as a consultant for Boston Scientific, Aleva, Cavion and Functional Neuromodulation. He has received lecture fees from Boston Scientific and royalties from Thieme publishers. He is a government employee and receives funding for his research through his institution from the German Research Council, the German Ministery of Education and Research and Medtronic. PK reports grants from Swiss National Science Foundation, Roger de Spoelberch Foundation, Bertarelli Foundation, Michael J Fox Foundation, Annemarie Opprecht Foundation, Parkinson Schweiz, research grants from Boston Scientific, and Aleva, lecturing fees paid to employing institution from Boston Scientific and Bial, as well as reimbursement of traveling expenses to scientific meeting by Zambon, all support outside the submitted work. The remaining authors have nothing to disclose.