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Article History

Received: 16 February 2021

Accepted: 13 September 2021

First Online: 7 October 2021

Competing interests

: Y.K. was supported by JSPS. N.H. reported honoraria from INSIGHTEC Japan K.K. and was supported by the Endowed Research Department of Clinical Neuroengineering and grants from AMED Translational Research Program; Strategic Promotion for practical application of Innovative Medical Technology (TR-SPRINT). T.N. has nothing to disclose. G.R. was supported by the Interdisciplinary Program for Biomedical Sciences, Program for Leading Graduate School, Osaka University Grants-in-Aid for Education and Research, Japan. H.O. has nothing to disclose. R. H. reported honoraria from Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd. and Mochida Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and was supported by grants from Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Japan Tobacco, Inc. E.M. reported grants and personal fees from Heptares, grants and personal fees from Mentis Cura, grants and personal fees from Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, grants and personal fees from Eisai, and personal fees from FP Pharmaceutical, outside the submitted work. M.I. made efforts for the advisory boards of Eisai Co., Ltd., Eli Lilly Japan, and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., reported honoraria from Eisai Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Novartis, Fujifilm RI Pharma Co., Ltd., Nihon Medi-Physics Co., Ltd., Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, MSD K.K., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., and was supported by grants from Eisai Co., Ltd., Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. M.M. was supported by grants from AMED, the JSPS, Japan Blood Products Organization, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Shimadzu Corp., and honoraria were obtained from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Novartis, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, and Shimadzu Corp. H.M. reported honoraria from Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., IQVIA Solutions Japan K.K., AbbVie Inc., INSIGHTEC Japan K.K.; made efforts for the advisory boards of Kissei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., T-PEC corporation, FP Pharmaceutical corporation, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and was supported by grants from AMED, grants from Health and Labour Sciences Research Grants, grants from Strategic Basic Research Programs: Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology, Jansen Pharmaceutical K.K., Bayer Yakuhin Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Teijin Pharma Limited, Daiichi Sankyo Company, Limited, Eisai Co., Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., Shionogi Pharma Co., Ltd., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.