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Article History
Received: 20 July 2024
Accepted: 17 February 2025
First Online: 25 March 2025
Competing interests
: L.M.L., N.A., K. Lo., and L.A.H. declare no competing interests. C.M. receives research funding from the Michael J Fox Foundation, the Parkinson’s Foundation (US) and holds the Catherine Manson Chair in Movement Disorders, funded by the Mayvon Foundation. D.V., H.L.L., H.I., K.Le., and M.A.N.’s participation in this project was part of a competitive contract awarded to DataTecnica LLC by the National Institutes of Health to support open science research. M.A.N. also currently serves on the scientific advisory board for Character Bio Inc plus is a scientific founder at Neuron23 Inc and owns stock. L.M. has received honoraria from the International Association of Parkinsonism and Related Disorders (IAPRD) Society for social media and web support, and personal compensation as a consultant/scientific advisory board member for Acadia. He has received a grant (collaborative research agreement) from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society for the MDS-UTRS Validation Program (Role: PI), Non-Profit. A.J.E. has received grant support from the NIH and the Michael J Fox Foundation; personal compensation as a consultant/scientific advisory board member for Neuroderm, Amneal, Acadia, Avion Pharmaceuticals, Acorda, Kyowa Kirin, Supernus (formerly, USWorldMeds), NeuroDiagnostics, Inc (SYNAPS Dx), Intrance Medical Systems, Inc., Praxis Precision Medicines, and Herantis Pharma; and publishing royalties from Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Cambridge University Press, and Springer. He co-founded REGAIN Therapeutics and is co-inventor of the patent “Compositions and methods for treatment and/or prophylaxis of proteinopathies. P.B. and C.B. are employees of CENTOGENE GmbH. S.A.F. received honoraria from Lundbeck, Biogen, Takeda, and Neurocrine and grants from Medtronics, Boston Scientific, Sun Pharmaceuticals Advanced Research Company, Aspen, Biohaven, Neurocrine, Voyager, Prilenia Therapeutics, CHDI Foundation, Michael J. Fox Foundation, NIH 1 P50 NS123103-01, NIH 1R01NS125294-01, and the Parkinson Foundation. Finally, he reports royalties from Demos, Blackwell Futura, Springer for textbooks, and Uptodate. N.E.M receives salary and research support from the NIH (1K08NS131581), the Parkinson’s Foundation and the Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2). He serves as a member of the PDGENEration steering committee. H.R.M. is employed by UCL. In the last months, he reports paid consultancies from Roche, Aprinoia, AI Therapeutics and Amylyx; lecture fees/honoraria from BMJ, Kyowa Kirin, and the Movement Disorders Society; and research Grants from Parkinson’s UK, Cure Parkinson’s Trust, PSP Association, Medical Research Council, and the Michael J Fox Foundation. H.R.M. is also a co-applicant on a patent application related to C9ORF72 - Method for diagnosing a neurodegenerative disease (PCT/GB2012/052140). A.B.S. is an Associate Editor of Movement Disorders. He is an unpaid member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Cajal Neuroscience. C.K. has received grant support from The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research and the Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Initiative. She serves as a medical advisor to Centogene, Retromer Therapeutics, and Takeda and received speakers’ honoraria from Bial and Desitin. Z-H.F. is supported by the Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (GP2) and receives GP2 salary support from The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research. K.Lo., S.F., and A.B.S. are Associate Editors of npj Parkinson’s disease. They were not involved in the journal’s review of or decisions related to this manuscript.