Sosero, Yuri L.
Heilbron, Karl
Fontanillas, Pierre
Norcliffe-Kaufmann, Lucy
Yu, Eric
Rudakou, Uladzislau
Ruskey, Jennifer A.
Freeman, Kathryn
Asayesh, Farnaz
Brolin, Kajsa A.
Swanberg, Maria
Morris, Huw R.
Wu, Lesley
Real, Raquel
Pihlstrøm, Lasse
Tan, Manuela
Gasser, Thomas
Brockmann, Kathrin
Liu, Hui
Hu, Michele T. M.
Grosset, Donald G.
Lewis, Simon J. G.
Kwok, John B.
Pastor, Pau
Alvarez, Ignacio
Skorvanek, Matej
Lackova, Alexandra
Ostrozovicova, Miriam
Rizig, Mie
,
,
Krohn, Lynne
Gan-Or, Ziv
Funding for this research was provided by:
Parkinson's UK
Aligning Science Across Parkinson's
National Institute for Health and Care Research
Fonds de Recherche du Québec - Santé
Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research
Consortium canadien en neurodégénérescence associée au vieillissement
Canada First Research Excellence Fund
Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Accepted: 15 July 2025
First Online: 25 September 2025
Competing interests
: Z.G.O. has received consulting fees from Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc., Idorsia, Prevail Therapeutics, Denali, Ono Therapeutics, Neuron23, Handl Therapeutics, UBC, Bial Biotech Inc., Bial, Deerfield, Guidepoint, Lighthouse and Inception Sciences (now Ventus). None of these companies were involved in any parts of preparing, drafting and publishing this study. K.H., P.F., L.N.K., and the 23andMe Research Team are employed by and hold stock or stock options in 23andMe. H.M. is employed by UCL. In the last 12 months he reports paid consultancy from Roche, Aprinoia and Amylyx; lecture fees/honoraria—BMJ, Kyowa Kirin, Movement Disorders Society. Research Grants from Parkinson’s UK, Cure Parkinson’s Trust, PSP Association, Medical Research Council, Michael J Fox Foundation. H.R.M. is a co-applicant on a patent application related to C9ORF72—Method for diagnosing a neurodegenerative disease (PCT/GB2012/052140). The remaining authors declare no competing interests.