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Authors
Ramirez-Zamora, Adolfo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9253-3899
Okun, Michael S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6247-9358
Kukreja, Pavnit
Hu, Wei
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Article History
Received: 30 May 2024
Accepted: 22 July 2025
First Online: 11 August 2025
Competing interests
: A.R-Z. has received research support from the Parkinson’s Foundation and consulting honoraria from Boston Scientific, Cerevel, Medtronic, Novo Nordisk, Rho, and Signant, but declares no non-financial competing interests. M.S.O. serves as medical advisor to the Parkinson’s Foundation and has received research grants from the NIH, Parkinson’s Foundation, Michael J. Fox Foundation, Parkinson Alliance, Smallwood Foundation, Bachmann-Strauss Foundation, Tourette Syndrome Association, and the UF Foundation. His research is supported by grants R01 NS131342 NIH R01 NR014852, R01NS096008, UH3NS119844, U01NS119562. He is the principal investigator of the NIH training grant R25NS108939 and has received royalties for publications with Hachette Book Group, Demos, Manson, Amazon, Smashwords, Books4Persons, Perseus, Robert Rose, Oxford University Press, and Cambridge University Press (for movement disorders books). He is an associate editor for the New England Journal of Medicine Journal Watch-Neurology and JAMA Neurology. He has participated in continuing medical education and educational activities on movement disorders sponsored by WebMD/Medscape, RMEI Medical Education, American Academy of Neurology, Movement Disorders Society, Mediflix, and Vanderbilt University. The institution and not Dr. Okun receives grants from industry. He has participated as a site principal investigator and/or co-investigator for several NIH, UF Foundation, and industry-sponsored trials over the years but has not received honoraria. Research projects at the University of Florida receive device and drug donations. He declares no non-financial competing interests. P.K. is an employee of AbbVie and may hold AbbVie stock and/or stock options but declares no non-financial competing interests. W.H. has received research support from the Parkinson’s Foundation, American Brain Foundation, and Tyler’s Hope for a Dystonia Cure and declares no non-financial competing interests.
