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Authors
Nishikawa, Noriko https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7762-3597
Tejima, Shin https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7629-6006
Kamiyama, Daiki
Kurita, Mitsumasa
Yamamoto, Koshi
Imai, Satoki https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8794-8029
Sako, Wataru https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2009-2486
Oyama, Genko https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7985-5367
Hatano, Taku https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6808-0444
Hattori, Nobutaka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2034-2556
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma
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Article History
Received: 15 August 2024
Accepted: 13 July 2025
First Online: 19 August 2025
Competing interests
: N.N.: Dr. Nishikawa has received research funding from Sumitomo Pharma, and Teijin Pharma. She has received honoraria from Abbvie, Eisai, Takeda, and Ono. S.T., M.K., K.Y. and S.I.: Full-time employee of Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd. D.K.: Dr. Kamiyama has no disclosures. W.S.: W.S. has received honoraria from Abbvie Co. Ltd, Eisai Co. Ltd, Kyowa Kirin Co. Ltd, Ono Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, Sumitomo Pharma Co. Ltd and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd; has received research support from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Co. Ltd and JSPS KAKENHI. G.O.: Dr. Oyama has received honoraria from Medtronic, Boston Scientific, Abbott, Sumitomo Pharma, Kyowa Hakko Kirin, FP Pharmaceutical Corporation, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd, Eisai Co., Ltd, Viatris, Ono Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, and AbbVie. T.H.: Dr. Hatano received grants from JSPS KAKENHI (under grant number 21K07424), the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED) (under grant numbers 23wm0425015, 23dk0207055, and 23wm0425019), a grant from the Uehara Memorial Foundation; speaker’s honoraria from Dainippon Sumitomo, Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., FP Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, AbbVie GK, and Eisai Co., Ltd. N.H.: Prof.Hattori received compensation for consultancies, advisory boards, and speakers from Sumitomo Pharma, Takeda Pharmaceutical, Kyowa Kirin, AbbVie GK, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Novartis Pharma, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Ono Pharmaceutical, FP Pharmaceutical, Eisai, Kissei Pharmaceutical, Nihon Medi-Physics, Daiichi Sankyo, Hisamitsu Pharma, and PARKINSON Laboratories Co. Ltd. N.H. received grants from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), Japan Science and Technology Agency, Health Labour Sciences Research Grant, Japan Science and Technology Agency, and IPMDS. N.H. has also received honoraria as a team reader from RIKEN: Center for Brain Science and he has a stock ownership; equity stock (8%) of PARKINSON Laboratories Co. Ltd. Certain aspects of the research described in this manuscript are covered by a pending patent application. This patent application is a Japanese domestic filing, jointly submitted by Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd. and Juntendo University. The inventors listed on the application are: S.T., M.K., K.Y., N.N., D.K., and N.H. The application number is JP/2022-144047, submitted on September 9, 2022, and is currently under review. The patent application covers the method for estimating a subject’s state—including Parkinson’s disease symptoms—based on blink parameters as described in this manuscript.
