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Authors
Goh, Jun Wen
Lim, Jia Lun
Toh, Tzi Shin
Ong, Rui Yan
Yong, Qing Hui
Lew, Cindy Choey Yee
Hor, Jia Wei
Tay, Yi Wen
Zulkefli, Jannah
Khairul Anuar, Anis Nadhirah
Ding, Hans Xing
Schee, Jie Ping
Beh, Yuan Ye
Ibrahim, Khairul Azmi
Mawardi, Ahmad Shahir
Lim, Thien Thien
Looi, Irene
Chia, Yuen Kang
Ooi, Joshua Chin Ern
Law, Wan Chung
Wong, Siaw Cheng
Lau, Yue Hui
Teh, Pei Chiek
Ong, Tien Lee
Cheah, Wee Kooi
Sammler, Esther
Padmanabhan, Shalini
Lit, Lei Cheng
Tan, Eng King
Ahmad-Annuar, Azlina
Lim, Shen-Yang
Tan, Ai Huey
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research (MJFF-022659)
Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research (MJFF-010188)
Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research (MJFF-010188)
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Article History
Received: 9 August 2025
Accepted: 28 September 2025
First Online: 18 November 2025
Competing interests
: E.S. is employed by the University of Dundee, UK and has received research funding from the MJFF, the Chief Scientist Office in Scotland, and UK Research and Innovation Medical Research Council. S.Y.L. is an employee at the University of Malaya. S.Y.L. has received stipends from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) as Chair of the Asian-Oceanian Section, and Science Advances as Associate Editor (Neuroscience). He currently serves as an Associate Editor of npj Parkinson’s Disease but was not involved in the editorial review of or the decision to publish this article. He reports consultancies from the Michael J Fox Foundation (MJFF), the Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s-Global Parkinson’s Genetics Program (ASAP-GP2), and Neurotorium Editorial Board; honoraria for lecturing from the MDS, Lundbeck, Eisai, and Medtronic; and research grants from the Malaysian Ministry of Education Fundamental Research Grant Scheme and the MJFF. A.H.T. is an employee at the University of Malaya. A.H.T. has received grants from and served as a consultant for the MJFF and the ASAP-GP2. A.H.T. has received honoraria for lecturing from the MDS and Boehringer Ingelheim.
