Horan-Portelance, Liam
Iba, Michiyo
Acri, Dominic J.
Gibbs, J. Raphael
Cookson, Mark R.
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Institute on Aging
Article History
Received: 3 July 2025
Accepted: 16 December 2025
First Online: 16 January 2026
Competing interests
: MRC serves on the editorial board of npj Parkinson’s Disease. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). The contributions of the NIH authors were made as part of their official duties as NIH federal employees, are in compliance with agency policy requirements, and are considered Works of the United States Government. However, the findings and conclusions presented in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NIH or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.