Vamvakas, Alexandros
Van Balkom, Tim
Van Wingen, Guido
Booij, Jan
Weintraub, Daniel
Berendse, Henk W.
van den Heuvel, Odile A.
Vriend, Chris
Funding for this research was provided by:
Michael J. Fox Foundation (MJFF-022801)
Michael J. Fox Foundation (MJFF-022801)
Michael J. Fox Foundation (MJFF-022801)
Michael J. Fox Foundation (MJFF-022801)
Michael J. Fox Foundation (MJFF-022801)
Michael J. Fox Foundation (MJFF-022801)
Michael J. Fox Foundation (MJFF-022801)
Michael J. Fox Foundation (MJFF-022801)
Article History
Received: 30 June 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
First Online: 7 January 2026
Competing interests
: J.B. is a consultant at GE Healthcare (all related payments to the institute). D.W. receives research funding and salary support from the Michael J. Fox Foundation for serving on the Executive Steering Committee of the Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative study. The authors declare no other financial or non-financial competing interests.