Ghamgosar Shahkhali, Morvarid
Liu, Lang
Ghamgosar Shahkhali, Mohammad H.
Yu, Eric
Asayesh, Farnaz
Ahmad, Jamil
Teferra, Meron
Arnulf, Isabelle
Dodet, Pauline
Ju, Yo-El
Hu, Michele T. M.
Montplaisir, Jacques Y.
Gagnon, Jean-François
Desautels, Alex
Ibrahim, Abubaker
Stefani, Ambra
Högl, Birgit
Aktan-Süzgün, Merve
Iranzo, Alex
Serradell, Mónica
Montini, Angelica
Maya, Gerard
Gaig, Carles
Gigli, Gian Luigi
Valente, Mariarosaria
Janes, Francesco
Bernardini, Andrea
Dauvilliers, Yves
Sonka, Karel
Kemlink, David
Dusek, Petr
Sommerauer, Michael
Tamgüney, Gültekin
Figorilli, Michela
Puligheddu, Monica
Cochen De Cock, Valerie
Oertel, Wolfgang
Janzen, Annette
Antelmi, Elena
Mollenhauer, Brit
Sixel-Doring, Friederike
Terzaghi, Michele
Fiamingo, Giuseppe
Skorvanek, Matej
Kulcsarova, Kristina
Abril, Beatriz
Ferini-Strambi, Luigi
Bušková, Jitka
Orso, Beatrice
Mattioli, Pietro
Arnaldi, Dario
Dijkstra, Femke
Viaene, Mineke
Boeve, Bradley F.
Ross, Owen A.
Rouleau, Guy A.
Neilson, Lee E.
Elliott, Jonathan E.
Lim, Miranda M.
Postuma, Ronald B.
Gan-Or, Ziv
Funding for this research was provided by:
Galen and Hilary Weston Foundation
Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research
Consortium canadien en neurodégénérescence associée au vieillissement
National Institute on Aging
Article History
Received: 20 November 2025
Accepted: 12 May 2026
First Online: 21 May 2026
Competing interests
: Z.G-O. received consultancy fees from Lysosomal Therapeutics Inc. (LTI), Idorsia, Prevail Therapeutics, Ono Therapeutics, Denali, Handl Therapeutics, Neuron23, Bial Biotech, Bial, UCB, Capsida, Vanqua Bio, Congruence Therapeutics, Takeda, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, EG427, Guidepoint, Lighthouse and Deerfield. Z.G-O. is affiliated with npj Parkinson’s Disease as Associate Editor. Z.G-O. was not involved in the journal’s review of, or decisions related to, this manuscript. B.M. has received honoraria for consultancy and/or educational presentations from GE, Bial, Roche, Biogen, AbbVie, Desitin and Amprion, is a member of the executive steering committee of the Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative of the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research and has received research funding from Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s disease (ASAP, CRN). A.D. received research grants from Eisai and Takeda, honoraria from serving on the scientific advisory board of Eisai, Takeda, Paladin Labs, as well as honoraria from speaking engagements from AstraZeneca, Eisai, Jazz Pharma and Paladin Labs. None of the financial disclosures is relevant to the submitted work.