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Article History

Received: 24 April 2024

Accepted: 24 September 2024

First Online: 5 November 2024

Competing interests

: Z.M. reports paid work for Spoonful of Sugar Ltd, A UCL Business Company. A.K. is a member of advisory board or speakers bureau for AstraZeneca, Belus, Boehringer Ingelheim, Covis, Eisai, GSK, Pfizer, Merck, Moderna, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Teva and Valeo. V.M. has received honoraria for lectures and travel bursaries/conference fees from Chiesi and AstraZeneca. L.N. has received honoraria from AstraZeneca. T.W. is a paid speaker and advisor for AstraZeneca, GSK, Merck/MSD, Novartis and Sanofi Regeneron. R.H. reports speaker engagements with honoraria from AbbVie, Abbott, Amgen, Astellas, AstraZeneca, bioMérieux, Boehringer Ingelheim, Biogen, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Merck Sharp Dohme, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer, Procter & Gamble, Roche, Sanofi, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Teva, UCB and personal consultancy with Amgen, Abbott, AstraZeneca and Novartis. He is Founding Director of a UCL-Business company (Spoonful of Sugar Ltd) providing consultancy on treatment engagement and patient support programmes to healthcare policy makers, providers and pharmaceutical industry. A.C. has received research grants from Health Research Council New Zealand, Asthma UK, University of Auckland, World Health Organisation, Oakley Mental Health Foundation, Chorus Ltd, Life AI Corp, and fellowship funding from the Robert Irwin Postdoctoral Fellowship and Auckland Medical Research Foundation, and subcontracts from Hong Kong University. She has received consultancy fees from AcademyeX and Spoonful of Sugar Ltd. A.C. is also a Board member of Asthma NZ and Pharmacy Council of New Zealand, and member of Respiratory Effectiveness Group (REG), working group lead for ERS CONNECT CRC, and member of the Research, Implementation and Policy steering committee for ESPACOMP. H.F. reports paid work for Spoonful of Sugar Ltd, A UCL Business Company.