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Authors
Tang, Wei-Zhen
Sheng, Ting-He
Xu, Hong-Yu
Cai, Qin-Yu
Zhou, Zhi-Jian
Chen, Xue-Bing
Yang, Yi-Han
Liu, Tai-Hang
Wang, Yongheng
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Article History
Received: 20 May 2025
Accepted: 18 August 2025
First Online: 29 September 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All participants provided written informed consent.
: The CHARLS study protocol has been approved by the Biomedical Ethics Review Committee of Peking University (IRB00001052–11015). All participants provided informed consent prior to data collection.
