Juang, Yah Ru
Lim, Laura Huey Mien
Chotirmall, Sanjay H.
Tan, Kelvin Bryan
Koh, Mariko Siyue
Abisheganaden, John A.
Price, David B.
Tsai, Ming-Ju
Liew, Mei Fong
Tiew, Pei Yee
Yii, Anthony Chau Ang
Chen, Wenjia
Funding for this research was provided by:
National University of Singapore (NUS) Startup Grant
Article History
Received: 12 November 2025
Accepted: 9 March 2026
First Online: 9 April 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study made use of data generated by the Ministry of Health and/or anonymised data retrieved from government administrative and health records. This study was supported by the Trusted Research and Real-World-Data Utilisation and Sharing Tech platform (“TRUST Platform”) jointly developed by the Ministry of Health and Smart Nation and Digital Government Office and Synapxe. The views expressed are those of the author(s) are not necessarily those of the Government, TRUST Platform developed by the Ministry of Health and Smart Nation and Digital Government Office and Synapxe, investigators or institutional partners. We thank all participants and research staff who made the study possible.