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Authors
Öfverholm, Therese
Hasselgren, Mikael
Lisspers, Karin
Nager, Anna
Eliason, Gabriella
Giezeman, Maaike
Janson, Christer
Kisiel, Marta A.
Montgomery, Scott
Ställberg, Björn
Sundh, Josefin
Sandelowsky, Hanna
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The county council of Region Stockholm
The Swedish Heart and Lung Association
The Regional Research Council Mid Sweden
The Swedish Asthma and Allergy Association
The Association of Heart and Lung Disease in Region Uppsala
The Bror Hjerpstedt Foundation
The Centre for Clinical Research, Region Dalarna, Sweden
The Centre for Clinical Research, Region Värmland, Sweden
The Swedish Heart-Lung Foundation
Astma- och Allergiförbundet
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Article History
Received: 17 November 2025
Accepted: 30 April 2026
First Online: 16 May 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All authors declare no competing financial or non-financial interests associated with this work. Outside the submitted work, the following authors declare: MG has received honoraria for educational activities and lectures from Orion Pharma, AstraZeneca, and Boehringer Ingelheim. BS has received personal fees for educational activities and lectures from AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, and GlaxoSmithKline and served on advisory boards arranged by AstraZeneca, Novartis, GlaxoSmithKline, and Boehringer Ingelheim. JS reports private or institutional fees for educational activities or research collaboration from AstraZeneca, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Chiesi, Nextcell, Novartis, and ResMed. HS has received honoraria for educational activities and service on advisory boards from ALK, AstraZeneca, Chiesi, GlaxoSmithKline, Orion Pharma, and Sanofi.
