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Article History

Received: 10 April 2026

Accepted: 13 August 2026

First Online: 22 August 2026

Declarations

Competing interests: IvG, CA, EH, HH, YJ, JM, JS, ML: Employed by GPRI at the time of the study. In the past four years (2022-2025), GPRI (General Practitioners Research Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands) conducted investigator- and sponsor-initiated research funded by non-commercial organizations, academic institutes, and pharmaceutical companies (including ALK-Albello, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chiesi, Eli Lilly, GSK, Mundipharma, Novartis, Teva, and Valneva).DR: In the last three years I have received honoraria or support from: IPCRG, GPRI, ALK-Abello, Vitalograph, Viatris, Menarini.SD: Speakers´ Fees: OMRON Healthcare Technologies, Bencard Allergie, Allergopharma, ALK, Stallergenes, dbv Technologies, Siemens Healthineers. Advisory Board: OMRON Healthcare Technologies, Bencard Allergie. Data Safety Monitoring Board: Allergy Therapeutics. Research Funding: Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bundesministerium für Forschung, Technologie und Raumfahrt, Innovationsfonds des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschuss.MJ: In the last three years I have received honoraria or support from ALK, Viatris, Stallergenes-Greer, Glenmark, Zentiva, Chiesi, BerlinChemie Menarini, AstraZeneca.JTW: Speaker fees from Menarini, Thermofisher, Alk-Abello. Advisory committee Viatris, Alk-Abello.JWHK: Grants, personal fees and non-financial support from AstraZeneca; grants, personal fees and non-financial support from Boehringer Ingelheim; grants and personal fees from Chiesi; grants, personal fees and non-financial support from GSK; non-financial support from Mundi Pharma; personal fees from Sanofi; grants and personal fees from Teva; personal fees from MSD; personal fees from COVIS Pharma; grants, personal fees from ALK-Abello; grants from Valneva; all fees go to GPRI; he holds <5% shares of Lothar Medtec GmbH and is owner of the General Practitioners Research Institute.