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Authors
Li, You https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8506-8439
Kenmoe, Sebastien
Begier, Elizabeth
Wahi-Singh, Pia
Wahi-Singh, Bhanu
Liang, Caihua
Sato, Reiko
Gessner, Bradford D.
Nair, Harish
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Pfizer
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Article History
Received: 13 November 2025
Accepted: 15 August 2026
First Online: 8 September 2026
Declarations
Competing interests: YL is an employee of Nanjing Medical University, which was a paid consultant to Pfizer in connection with the conduct of the submitted work and development of this manuscript; YL reports grants from WHO, GSK, and MSD (all to institution), consulting fees from WHO, and support from Pfizer, MSD and Sanofi for attending meetings, outside the submitted work. HN is an employee of the University of Edinburgh, which received funding from Pfizer for the submitted work; HN reports grants from WHO, the Innovative Medicines Initiative, the National Institute for Health Research, MSD, Pfizer, and Icosavax / AstraZeneca; and personal fees from the Gates Foundation, Pfizer, GSK, Merck, Icosavax/ AstraZeneca Sanofi and Novavax outside the submitted work. EB, CL, and RS are Pfizer employees and may own Pfizer stock. BDG was a Pfizer employee and may own Pfizer stock. All other authors declared that they have no competing interests.
