Chung, Woo Chang
Cole, Daniel C.
Gokhale, Pranav
Jones, Eric B.
Kuper, Kevin W.
Mason, David
Omole, Victory
Radnaev, Alexander G.
Rines, Rich
Teo, Mariesa H.
Bedalov, Matt J.
Blakely, Matt
Buttler, Peter D.
Carnahan, Caitlin
Chong, Frederic T.
Goiporia, Palash
Heim, Bettina
Hickman, Garrett T.
Jones, Ryan A.
Khalate, Pradnya
Kim, Jin-Sung
Lichtman, Martin T.
Lee, Stephanie
Neff-Mallon, Nathan A.
Noel, Thomas W.
Saffman, Mark
Shabtai, Efrat
Thotakura, Bharath
Tomesh, Teague
Tucker, Angela K.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Office of Science (DE-SC0021526)
Office of Science (DE-SC0021526)
Office of Science (DE-SC0021526)
Office of Science (Q-NEXT)
Office of Science (DE-SC0021526)
Office of Science (DE-SC0025493)
Office of Science (DE-SC0021526)
Office of Science (DE-SC0021526)
Office of Science (Q-NEXT)
Office of Science (DE-SC0021526)
Wellcome Leap (Q4Bio)
Wellcome Leap (Q4Bio)
Wellcome Leap (Q4Bio)
Wellcome Leap (Q4Bio)
Wellcome Leap (Q4Bio)
Wellcome Leap (Q4Bio)
National Science Foundation (PHY-232580)
National Science Foundation (PHY-232580)
Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 30 July 2025
First Online: 5 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing non-financial interests but the following financial interests: M. J. Bedalov, M. Blakely, P. D. Buttler, C. Carnahan, F. T. Chong, W. C. Chung, D. C. Cole, P. Goiporia, P. Gokhale, G. T. Hickman, E. B. Jones, R. A. Jones, K. W. Kuper, M. T. Lichtman, S. Lee, D. Mason, N. A. Neff-Mallon, T. W. Noel, V. Omole, A. G. Radnaev, R. Rines, M. Saffman, B. Thotakura, T. Tomesh, and A. K. Tucker are employees and/or shareholders of ColdQuanta, Inc., DBA Infleqtion. B. Heim, P. Khalate, J.-S. Kim, and E. Shabtai are employees of NVIDIA.