Peng, Ruoming
Wu, Xuntao
Wang, Yang
Zhang, Jixing
Geng, Jianpei
Dasari, Durga Bhaktavatsala Rao
Cleland, Andrew N.
Wrachtrup, Jörg
Funding for this research was provided by:
Baden-Württemberg Stiftung (SPOC, SPOC, SPOC)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FOR 2724, FOR 2724, FOR 2724)
Army Research Office (W911NF2310077, W911NF2310077)
Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA9550-20-1-0270, FA9550-20-1-0270)
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (QECHQS 16KIS1590K, QECHQS 16KIS1590K)
Article History
Received: 29 October 2024
Accepted: 26 October 2025
First Online: 13 November 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.