Li, Gong-Chu
Chen, Lei
Hong, Xu-Song
Zhang, Si-Qi
Xu, Huaqing
Liu, Yuancheng
Zhou, You
Chen, Geng
Li, Chuan-Feng
Guo, Guang-Can
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12350006, 92576202)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12350006, 92576202)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12350006, 92576202)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12350006, 92576202)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12350006, 92576202)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12350006, 92576202)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12205048, 12575012)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12350006, 92576202)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12350006, 92576202)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12350006, 92576202)
the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (2021ZD0301200)
the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (2021ZD0301200)
the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (2021ZD0301200)
the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (2021ZD0301200)
the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (2021ZD0301200)
the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (2021ZD0301200)
the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (2021ZD0301200)
the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (2021ZD0301200)
the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology (2021ZD0301200)
USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative (YD2030002026)
USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative (YD2030002026)
USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative (YD2030002026)
USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative (YD2030002026)
USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative (YD2030002026)
USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative (YD2030002026)
USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative (YD2030002026)
USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative (YD2030002026)
USTC Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative (YD2030002026)
Quantum Science and Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project (2024ZD0301900, 2021ZD0302000)
Shanghai Municipal Commission of Science and Technology (25511103200)
Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan (24LZ1400200)
Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research - Fudan University (21TQ1400100 (25TQ003))
the CCF-Quantum CTek Superconducting Quantum Computing CCF (QC2025006)
Article History
Received: 26 May 2025
Accepted: 17 December 2025
First Online: 9 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.