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Vinet, Stéphane https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2522-3193

Clementi, Marco https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4034-4337

Bacchi, Marcello https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8663-6754

Zhang, Yujie https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7858-7476

Giacomin, Massimo https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1966-0549

Neal, Luke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-1462

Villoresi, Paolo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7977-015X

Galli, Matteo

Bajoni, Daniele https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6506-8485

Jennewein, Thomas

Funding for this research was provided by:

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Grant no. 101070168 (HyperSpace))

Italian Ministry of Education (PNRR Project PE0000023-NQSTI)

Italian Ministry of Education (PNRR Project PE0000023-NQSTI)

Italian Ministry of Education (PNRR Project PE0000023-NQSTI)

Italian Ministry of Education (PNRR Project PE0000023-NQSTI)

National Research Council Canada (Quantum Sensing Challenge Program (QSP-019))

Canada Excellence Research Chairs, Government of Canada

Canada Foundation for Innovation

Ontario Research Fund, Canada

Institute for Quantum Computing, Canada

Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-01-23

Accepted Manuscript valid from 2026-01-23