Chen, Chuangtao https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7028-2144
Zhao, Qinglin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-5631
Zhou, MengChu
Niyato, Dusit
He, Zhimin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1684-1758
Situ, Haozhen https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7853-6647
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Development Fund, Macau SAR (0093/2022/A2)
Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2025A1515011489)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (62471187)
Article History
Received: 23 June 2025
Accepted: 21 January 2026
First Online: 13 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.