Ren, Mengzhen
Chen, Yu-Cheng
Lai, Ching-Jui
Hsieh, Min-Hsiu
Hu, Alice
Funding for this research was provided by:
Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (CityU 11200120)
Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (CityU 11200120)
CityU Seed Fund in Microelectronics (9229135)
CityU Seed Fund in Microelectronics (9229135)
Hon Hai Research Institute (9231594)
Hon Hai Research Institute (9231594)
City University of Hong Kong (7005615, 7006103)
City University of Hong Kong (7005615, 7006103)
Article History
Received: 16 June 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 24 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.