Liu, Guoding
Chen, Junjie
Ma, Xiongfeng
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12575023)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12575023)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (12575023)
the Quantum Science and Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project (2021ZD0300804)
the Quantum Science and Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project (2021ZD0300804)
the Quantum Science and Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project (2021ZD0300804)
the CCF-QuantumCtek Superconducting Quantum Computing Special Cooperation Program (CCF-QC2025005)
the CCF-QuantumCtek Superconducting Quantum Computing Special Cooperation Program (CCF-QC2025005)
the CCF-QuantumCtek Superconducting Quantum Computing Special Cooperation Program (CCF-QC2025005)
the Turing AI Institute of Nanjing Grant (TR-IIIS 002)
Article History
Received: 16 January 2026
Accepted: 5 July 2026
First Online: 7 August 2026
Ethics
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.