Zhang, Xiao-Wei
Yang, Kaijie
Wang, Chong
Liu, Xiaoyu
Cao, Ting
Xiao, Di
Funding for this research was provided by:
U.S. Department of Energy (No. DE-SC0012509)
U.S. Department of Energy (No. DE-AC02-05CH11231)
U.S. Department of Energy (PNNL FWP 83557)
National Science Foundation (DMR-2308979)
Article History
Received: 31 July 2025
Accepted: 7 November 2025
First Online: 2 December 2025
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.