Cao, Tristan R.
Zhao, Hengdi
Huai, Xudong
Quane, Arabella
Tran, Thao T.
Ye, Feng
Cao, Gang
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science Foundation
Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation
Camille and Henry Dreyfus Foundation
U.S. Department of Energy
Article History
Received: 26 October 2025
Accepted: 10 January 2026
First Online: 20 January 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.